Teratogenic Groupings

Biological Teratogens

Biological teratogens are living organisms or infectious agents that can cause developmental abnormalities or birth defects in a fetus when a pregnant individual is exposed to them. These agents can cross the placental barrier and interfere with the normal development of the embryo or fetus, particularly during the first trimester when organ formation is most active.

No safe amount.
Can cause birth defects, brain problems, miscarriage, low birth weight.

Bacteria, like syphilis.
Parasites, such as Toxoplasma gondii, cause toxoplasmosis.

Effects of biological teratogens can include miscarriage, stillbirth, intellectual disabilities, vision or hearing loss, growth restriction, and structural birth defects.

Preventative measures include vaccination, proper prenatal care, good hygiene, and avoiding exposure to known sources of infection.